A drama by Arthur Miller Essay

The Crucible is a show by Arthur Miller wrote in the 1950’s. It tells the tail of a town in America, Salem. This is overwhelmed with widespread panic black magic preliminaries. In the initial scene of the movie, Act 1, the executive decides to go directly to one of the principle characters, Abigail. She is the focal point of the gathering of young ladies and the scene moves directly to woodland where the young ladies are moving. There is creepy music playing out of sight. They begin to recite and participate in the act of black magic. Abigail murmurs to Tituba (the worker of Rev. Paris and we at that point discover later that she need John Proctor to become hopelessly enamored with her. Abigail gets the chicken and utilizations it to put a spell on John. The foundation is dim and with black magic, reciting and music all develops strain well overall. In the first play you don't see the black magic rehearsed toward the start. Rather Author Miller decides to go stright to a little youngster influenced by the black magic Betty (the Rev. Paris little girl) who gives off an impression of being in a comma. This is expected the young ladies getting cauter while rehearsing there black magic. We discover that Rev. Paris saw the young lady in the woodland moving, this got them all to blow a gasket and go around like headless chickens and it terrified Betty so much that she was presently in a comma. Paris state â€Å"†¦ my little girl and my niece I found moving like pagan in the forest†¦ † Abby denies they were doing black magic, she says they where simply moving when her uncle, the Rev. Paris, went along and terrified them Betty swooned. In the play Arthur Miller’s presentation is quiet yet the film has a creepy, scary and emotional inclination. Abby is predominant over different young ladies and has a great deal of command over them. She is the principle character and one of the most seasoned so she has the most power over them. She appears to detect the girl’s shortcoming and utilizations this for her potential benefit by making them duplicate her when she needs. Tituba become all the more remarkable with each one encompassing her hear her out each expression of what occurred in the timberland which cause her to feel increasingly significant and less like a slave. In Act 2 in the pace of the play detail to develop as the sentences become little and I discovered my self read a lot snappier which appeared to keep me in anticipation building pressure. We discover that Abbey takes part in an extramarital entanglements with John Proctor and that his better half thinks about this something you would not anticipate from a Nobel man like John. This appeared to make Abbey a more grounded character which may appear to be odd as Abbey began as a guiltless young lady having a touch of fun in the woodland. Mary Warren goes into the Proctor’s house out of nowhere. Seeing here make john Proctor incensed. It is sensational when he gets her and shakes her and yells â€Å"I’ll whip you in the event that you don't set out go out once more. † But the strain drops as Mary Warren goes limp in his hold and claims to be debilitated. Proctor’s outrage is depleting and Mary’s staye is underlined when she give the limp cloth doll to Elizabeth Proctor. The strain rises drastically when delegate finds the needle in the cloth doll.

Little Miss Sunshine Family Assessment Essay

Presentation Family can be a wellspring of help, comfort, positive thinking, love and satisfaction, yet family can likewise be a reason for misery, selling out, hurt and torment. Family isn't constantly controlled by the having a similar DNA going through one’s veins yet the bond individuals can have with each other. Family can comprise of companions, collaborators, colleagues, a network or a gathering of others. Some relatives can be the most exceedingly terrible foes since they have the most ammo of insider facts to cut a relative down. Having the option to confide in an individual, rely upon them, and be joyful is an individual that can be esteemed just like a piece of a family. In the film Little Miss Sunshine, their useless family is cherishing, steady, idealistic just as inspiring. The film is loaded up with dim cleverness about a cutting edge white collar class family that is going to experience monetary fiasco yet amidst their battles they despite everything discover the magnificence throughout everyday life. In the opening of the film Richard, the dad is giving an inspirational discourse about winning, he states â€Å"There are two kinds of individuals in this world, victors and losers†. Richard is a hero inspirational orator that is fixated on winning. He is so overcome with accomplishing that he criticizes his family for not being flawless all through the film. Sheryl is the mother who is a positive thinker, she is continually giving uplifting statements in any event, when Richard is attempting to cut his family down and she is about fair. Plain is the sibling of Sheryl whom toward the starting endeavors to end it all because of a wrecked heart and losing his remaining as America’s pre-prominent Proust Scholar. Dwayne is the child of Richard and Sheryl and is focused on being noticeable all around power. He is focused on such an extent that he takes a pledge of quiet until he gets into the aviation based armed forces, yet then discovers he is hued visually impaired and en ds his quietness. Olive is another hero character in the film, she is the girl of Frank and Sheryl and has dreams ofâ becoming a lovely lady. Grandpa is Olive’s belle of the ball expo mentor and is a late in life convert to champion and pornography, he in the long run bites the dust from a medication overdose. Primary subjects inside the film are incongruity, issues of attempting to be immaculate with the preliminaries and set backs as a white collar class family just as uncovering magnificence shows for young ladies in America. Incongruity is a principle topic in the film in light of the fact that the jobs each character plays repudiates who they are attempting to be. Richard is tied in with persuading others to win and pushing his â€Å"9 steps to Success† anyway amusingly he is ineffective in his inspirational talks. In the initial scenes Richard is giving his â€Å"9 Steps to Success† talk to a class of close to 4 or 5 understudies and his means to progress are denied on the grounds that nobody knows what his identity is. Olive’s character additionally shows incongruity since she is an overweight, unfashionable multi year old that is contending in marvelousness magnificence exhibitions. Grandpa is in late adulthood yet is going about just as he is in the phases of early adulthood by taking medications as opposed to keeping an eye out for his wellbeing to drag out his life. Dwayne is demonstrated to be working out and lifting toward the start of the film like as though he is an ace co mpetitor yet is slim and pale. All through the film the incongruity inside each character and the covers they wore improved. Issues of battling in the film for this working class family shows how they are very nearly a monetary calamity. Richard was so put resources into his agreement for his means to progress and relied upon that wellspring of pay just to discover his agreement was dropped. The Hoover’s van separates on numerous occasions and has numerous issues, for example, the horn continually blaring. The family additionally didn't have the cash to go to California yet made the excursion in any case to pursue Olive’s dream that would may work out as expected. Much after the event money related weights anticipate them with the transportation of grandpa’s carcass and the expenses for a burial service. With all the battles this family bears the characters perspectives changed into idealistic perspectives on life. Little Miss Sunshine was the excellence exhibition that Olive was contending in and when the family shown up they understood that the Olive didn't contain theâ glamor and tastefulness of different challengers. This film showed the procedure where the young ladies needed to experience to satisfy the picture of a marvel exhibition sovereign. In the film Olive requests dessert for breakfast and Richard addresses her about her method of eating and that excellence event champs don't eat frozen yogurt so way they can look meager and win. During the exhibition Olive gives her ability of moving and the appointed authorities are outraged, the group is appalled and the host of the event endeavors to get her off stage all since she doesn't satisfy the picture of what society says a delight expo challenger should resemble. Yet, after Olive’s execution Richard then commendations her for doing such an incredible activity and, that her grandpa would have been pleased with her. Richard under stands that his little girl is the kind of person she is and is pleased to realize that she attempts her best in everything she does and has a ball. Surveying the family one can confirm that they still can't seem to accomplish homeostasis. The family framework all in all shows that they can't keep up a steady consistent condition of parity monetarily anyway they can accomplish this with their family structure. A case of the solid structure in this family framework is eating with everybody present at the table, even Dwayne however he holds his pledge of quiet. Limits inside the family framework are set by Richard and more often than not it is him against every other person. Subsystems incorporate the sibling Frank, the kids Olive and Dwayne and grandpa. Every part has a task to carry out where Sheryl’s job is the most significant in light of the fact that she is authority of the family, she is the thing that holds the family along with her good faith and support. There is a solid connection among Olive and Dwayne, when Dwayne separates in the wake of discovering he is visually challenged Olive is there to comfort him same with Dwayne being there for Olive when she is getting derided in front of an audience at the Little Miss Sunshine show. The guardians anyway appear to be near the very edge of a separation because of the steady contentions, if money related weights get any harder it might break their marriage. The family is experience negative entropy, every part is developing and creating. Straight to the point who was from the outset self-destructive is offering Dwayne guidance regarding life. Richard is understanding that life isn't tied in with winning yet observing the magnificence in adoring his family for what their identity is and what they do. When scrutinizing the family, concerns would be whether Frank is still in danger of self destruction? Has Frank recognized the prompt issue that is causing extreme pressure? He is experiencing a messed up heart and because of that he is losing everything else around him on the grounds that the man before is dominating his family, his objectives, and his future. Has Frank distinguished any qualities that he despite everything has? This inquiry is posed in light of the fact that he is discouraged about losing his employment and just as his remaining as America’s pre-famous Proud Scholar. Plain shows a few indications of discouragement, he has a made a past endeavor, and he has no mate. As per the SAD PERSONS scale Frank as a customer might be considered for hospitalization however he has an astonishing emotionally supportive network with his family.(344).

Are You Experiencing Hazy Thinking Or Spastic Behavior?

Are You Experiencing Hazy Thinking Or Spastic Behavior?APA disease is an extremely rare neurological condition that occurs in children. It can also affect adults. Although it can be difficult to diagnose, the problem with APA disease is that it is so common.What is APA disease? It is a type of tic-like muscle weakness that affects the arms and legs, including the shoulders and arms. Other symptoms may include limited use of the arms, difficulty in bending or moving the arms, neck stiffness, and weakness in the legs. The symptoms are usually felt by adults and the problem is diagnosed with spinal tap examination. Physical examination is usually normal and there is no abnormality with neurological examination.Dysgeusia is the medical term for APA disease. A dysgeusia is caused by the abnormal development of a nerve fiber in the human brain. Usually, the nerve can grow by itself but in some cases, nerves can get tangled together and cause the abnormal formation. The fibres appear as bra in bulges or folds and look like lesions on a CT scan. These lesions can be seen in the inner sections of the temporal and frontal lobes.Doctors are looking at another issue to explain why the patients who are affected have enlarged lobes in their temporal and frontal lobes - the same areas where APA lesions can be seen. They believe that the enlarged lobes are a sign of abnormal development of the hypothalamus and the cerebral cortex in patients with APA disease. These areas are part of the brain that controls emotions and behavior.Dysgeusia can be genetic. About 20% of children with the disorder have a family history of this rare neurological condition. In other cases, doctors believe that the abnormal development of the fibres is caused by the low levels of serotonin that are present in some patients.Other drugs and medications can cause brain lesions like rituximab (Rituxan), erlotinib (Remicade), and EPRI (Ella), which is a blood thinner. Those medications increase the serotoni n level in the brain and cause the brain to swell. The lesions found in patients with APA disease are usually seen on the surface of the brain and do not extend into the areas of the brain.Albendazole and crocapene are natural remedies for the treatment of APA disease. Vitamin E and anti-parasitic tablets can also help reduce the side effects of the disease.The human brain has a very delicate system of blood vessels that help carry nutrients from the blood to the brain. People with APA disease have a low serotonin level in their brain and low levels of EPRI and their blood vessels tend to narrow, thereby decreasing the amount of oxygen delivered to the brain. The narrowing reduces the amount of nutrients that are carried to the brain.

Corporal Punishment Should Be Accepted Into Society

INTRODUCTION Corporal punishment, or otherwise known as spanking, has been a topic of discussion for many years. Opinions on whether corporal punishment should be accepted into society have lingered considering there are so many variables that cause people to have diverse opinions about the subject. It should not be a surprise that most studies prove when parents favor corporal punishment, they tend to be more likely to use it with their children (Flynn, 1998). Not only does the age of a person being surveyed affect opinions on physical punishment, but religion is also a huge factor when it comes to supporting corporal punishment. Multi-generations could potentially all have different views on the use of corporal punishment, like†¦show more content†¦There were 212 participants whose age ranged from 17 to 54. The majority were non-parents, which is beneficial because it shows how participants allow the way they grew up to affect the way they will raise their children. The av erage age was 23.8 years, but for non-parents the average age was 19.4 and for parents it was 36.4 years. This left a wide variety of perspectives to be seen within the study. Although, this study showed no correlation between the age of the respondents to their views on keeping or disregarding section 43. While in a similar study, people between the age of 20 to 30 years were less likely to use corporal punishment within their home, unless they received corporal punishment as a child (Schenck, Lyman, Bodin, 2000). Although, the 8% of respondents who reported that they were victims of physical abuse as children were significantly less likely to recommend corporal punishment. A different point of view showed that people above the age 30 we likely to recommend corporal punishment whether they received it as a child or not, and no matter if they had children. Regardless if they received corporal punishment as a child, the older generations were still likely to recommend using physical punishment based off other perspectives that they had seen. In a study based off multi-generations, there was a prevalent trend of reducing corporal punishment, especiallyShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On School Children1251 Words   |  6 Pagesfeel rejected and isolated, corporal puni shment is unsafe in and of itself, but its discriminate application may be co-incident with problems unique to racial and gender identity and esteem, as well as academic and social confidence and competence. Through familiarity, or the result of apathy or biased reasoning, people apparently can become accustomed to disproportionality. Most of us seem to accept as legitimate the percentages of involvement in retributive punishment that would be, in the opinionRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China and JapanRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is Defined As The Utilization Of Physical Force1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the utilization of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, yet not harm, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior. Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China andRead MoreCritical Thinking Paper : Corporal Punishment1408 Words   |  6 PagesCorrections Critical Thinking Paper April 13, 2015 Corporal Punishment Corporal Punishment is a universal argumentation topic that has created a divided line between a population who believe harsher physical punishment should be considered as a sentence against offenders and those who disagree that physical punishment is un-humane to use on an offender. The United States is one out of many countries that fits the above description. Corporal punishment has been restricted from being used in prisons forRead MoreAvoiding Physical Punishment In Child Rearing Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesAvoiding Physical Punishment In Child Rearing Is sparing the rod spoiling or saving the child? Is violence, resentment, anger or fear worth the risk taken when striking him or her. Whether your for or against using physical punishment in child development, as a parent, you will someday have to face this issue. Many parents are taught this method in their childhood, and are not aware of any other way. Often originating from religion, physical or corporal punishment is seen as an importantRead MoreThe Tinker Vs. Des Moines Case1498 Words   |  6 Pagesor wish not to do (Opinion of the Court). The First Amendment doesn’t go to great distances. Religious beliefs, don’t free people from obligations to handle themselves compliantly to laws which are either critically required to protect the overall society. According to statistics, seventy-two percent of colleges and universities don’t demand a history course on the U.S. for admittance, although 28 percent demand those results. Accordingly, the analysis di scloses, numerous students undergo high schoolRead MoreEssay on Corporal Punishment and Spanking in children 1724 Words   |  7 PagesCorporal Punishment and Spanking in children Spanking and the use of Corporal Punishment are the most common forms of punishment used today for younger children. 67% of parents today use some form of corporal or physical punishment. Spanking and Corporal Punishment is the use of physical force to cause pain with the intent to control the child. Mothers are primarily the ones to spank, because they are the ones who are with the children more. Young parental age and lower income seem to predictRead MoreThe Dabate of Using Corporal Punishment to Correct Children577 Words   |  2 Pages Corporal punishment has been long debated as a method of correcting children, yet other methods of discipline should also be subject to rigorous scientific inspection. Although corporal punishment was used as the main example throughout the discussion of this model, it is equally applicable to other forms of parental discipline. A recurrent concern within the literature has been the question of the confidence with which one may make inferences that corporal punishment contributesRead MoreEssay about The Death Penalty: What if Theyre Innocent?928 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States. It has been discussed among professionals the increased likelihood of Black people receiving corporal punishment compared to Caucasians. There has also been research that supports such discussions. Even with these findings people argue that only the most violent criminals receive a sentence of corporal punishment. Females are likely to be sentenced to death than males. Society views women less likely to be a cold hearted killer. Even demographics have influenced the rate of thoseRead MoreCorporal Punishment as a Means of Discipline for Children Essays2504 Words   |  11 PagesThis paper focuses on the views of corporal punishment as it relates to the discipline of children and why the topic is so controversial. The paper will state various definitions of corporal punishment as well as a brief history of punishing children with physical force. The paper will also state the alternatives and disadvantages as a discipline tool for children why corporal punishment may not be the b est method of punishment for children. The paper highlights research and experiments performed

Accounting Theory - 1267 Words

St Joseph Campus Capitol Hill, Monrovia Liberia Accounting 401 Section 01 Accounting Theory Assignment #2 To: Mr. Oye Williams By: Fatima E. Manyeh 07436 March 6, 2014 1) BDO Seidman’s attorney pointed out correctly that professional standards do not prohibit auditors and client personnel from being ‘friends’. At what point does such relationship result in violation of the auditor independence rules and guidelines? Provide hypothetical examples to strengthen your answers. Health Management, Inc. was a pharmaceutical sales company who faced many problems after their fiscal year ending on April 30, 1995. They had issues surrounding an in transit inventory problem that totaled up to $1.8 million. Involved in the†¦show more content†¦There were plenty of red flags that she had noticed giving her a good enough reason to continue on with the procedure. Since all the red flags would have probably had material effect on the records, she had every reason to go through with it. Because of time and costs, auditors may not be able to perform everything they can in the time period they have for the audit. When there is a possibility of material effect on a company the auditors need to do everything in their power to perform everything they can to detect the issue and be able to give their qualified opinion. 5) Should the result of inconclusive audit tests be included in audit work papers? Defend your answers. Inconclusive audit tests should be included in the audit work papers. There are reasons that the auditors started the test and there are reasons why they did not finish the test, whether it because of lack of time and money or the auditor and company might be hiding something. If the inconclusive tests are included in the work papers, it might open eyes up for others such as in the case in the court room. 6)A major focus of the trial in this case was BDO Seidman’s consideration of, and respond to, the ‘red flags’ apparent during the 1995 HMI audit. Define or describe the phrase ‘red flags’. Explain the impact of red flags indentified by auditors on each major phrase of an audit. The saying or term of â€Å"red flag† is defined as a warning signal and something that gives attentionShow MoreRelatedPositive Accounting Theory2425 Words   |  10 PagesCompare and contrast normative and positive accounting approaches: Definition of PAT: Watts and Zimmerman (1986) defined Pat as a theory that seeks to explain and predicts particular phenomenon. It is concerned with explaining accounting practice. The three basic hypotheses as outlined by Watts and Zimmerman (1978) underlying PAT are: 1. Bonus plan hypothesis: The bonus plan hypothesis is that managers of firms with bonus plans are more likely to use accounting methods that increase current period reportedRead MoreAccounting Theory And Management Accounting2580 Words   |  11 PagesThough forms of managerial accounting practices can be traced back decades, centuries even, management accounting used to be regarded as a financial tool, advantageous for the financial managers. However, over the past three decades views on management accounting have changed. As Kaplan (1994) states management accounting theory has experienced a revolution in both theory and practice with the development of new innovations. Through advances in information technology, more competitive markets andRead MorePositive Accounting Theory Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesWhittington notes, they are two of the most widely discussed contributors to the accounting literature of the past decade (1989, p. 327). They are also the joint founder-editors of The Journal of Accou nting and Economics, a journal devoted to positive accounting research, which has achieved an international reputation. So their story, while admittedly controversial, has achieved credibility among a significant number of accounting researchers. But what accounts for that credibility? According to WattsRead MoreThe Theory Of Accounting Fraud3500 Words   |  14 PagesA number of cases of fraudulent accounting have been reported over the last fifty years. However, in each case the manner in which the fraud was perpetrated was different In the UK there is no legal definition of fraud (Levi, Information Gathering Working Party and Doig, 1999). Black’s Law Dictionary (1999) defines fraud as â€Å"a knowing misrepresentation of the truth or concealment of a material fact†. When we apply this to the world of accountancy there can be confusion between fraud and ‘creativeRead MoreAccounting Theory6586 Words   |  27 Pagesother relevant materials to justify your viewpoint. INTRODUCTION Accounting can be broadly defined as the ‘measurement and communication’ of economic information to the decision makers (Watts and Zimmerman 1986). Accounting is divided into internal and external accounting on the basis of the users of the information (Spohr 2005). Spohr (2005) further highlights that the responsibility for preparing the external accounting information and publishing it lies with the managers of the firm. TheseRead MoreAccounting Theory- Stakeholders1220 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent Issues in Accounting, South Melbourne: Cengage Learning Freeman RE. 1984. Strategic Management: a Stakeholder Approach. Pitman: Boston, MA Haigh, N., amp; Griffiths, A. (2009). The natural environment as a primary stakeholder: The case of climate change.  Business Strategy and the Environment,  18(6), 347. Retrieved from: http://ezproxy.waikato.ac.nz/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/213770085?accountid=1728 Mitchell RK, Agle BR, Wood DJ. 1997. Toward a theory of stakeholder identificationRead MoreAccounting Theory and Practice Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesreached about what perspective theories should be used to explain the Social and Environmental Accounting, and moreover critique voices are from the works of Marx or by the deep-green or feminist literatures (Deegan, 2002), to some extent, systems-oriented theory and Positive Accounting Theory can list some hints. This essay will seek to explain the reasons why firms voluntary disclosure information by referring to Legitimacy theory, Stakeholder theory, institutional theory, and lastly Political CostsRead MoreA Research On Positive Accounting Theory2273 Words   |  10 Pagespositive accounting hypothesis (PAT) estimates that, in flawed markets, accounting decision may be controlled by directors looking to impact reported income and capital structure (Watts and Zimmerman, 1978). Specifically, the positive accounting hypothesis (PAT) contends that accounting decisions are liable to be spurred by components, for example, supervisors extra arranges, the company s obligation/value proportions and the more extensive political impact of outsiders (Watts and Zimmerman, 1978;Read MorePositive vs Normative Accounting Theory Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pageswith planning) TOPIC: Discuss positive accounting theory and contrast it with normative accounting theory. Provide examples where appropriate.       The purpose of this essay is to provide an overview of positive accounting theory (PAT) and highlight how this theory differs to normative accounting theory. Definitions and assumptions of both theories will be considered and examples of the theories will be provided. In addition specific theories related to PAT namely agency and the efficientRead MoreThe Imporance of Accounting Theory to the Field of Accounting1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Accounting Theory to the Field Of Accounting The objective of theory is to explain and predict. One of the basic goals of the theory of a particular discipline is to have a well-defined body of knowledge that has been systematically accumulated, organized, and verified well enough to provide a frame of reference for future actions. The Webster’s definition of theory is the systematically organized knowledge, applicable in a relatively wide variety of circumstances, a system

My Family And Education Is Important For Your Future

Furthermore, there are some influences within broader culture that compliment and also contradicts the themes in my family’s narrative. The first theme in society that contradicts the values of my family is homosexuality. As mentioned above, religion is a large part of my family, therefore, homosexuality is not part of the catholic religion. With that being said my family has a strong opinion and belief about same sex relationships. The second theme compliments my family’s values and that is getting and education. In broader culture getting and education is important for your future and in my family they believe in the same value. I also believe that there is a stigma attached to individuals that go into the work force after high school†¦show more content†¦In continuation, I have dominant themes in my own personal narrative. Some are similar to my families but some are my own. There are four dominant themes the first is family. Being raised with a large family was a lot of fun, we spent almost every weekend with family members. Having healthy relationships with various different family members makes everyday things easier because if you need help you know you will always have someone to be there for you. The reason it is dominant theme in my personal narrative is because it was influenced on me as a child and I believe it is a positive thing in my life. The second dominant theme is being successful. There are several different meanings to this but for me this means being financially secure, being able to travel, being happy and reaching the goals that I have for myself. It may take a lifetime to be successful but I will always have something to work at. I feel as though having success as a dominant theme in my life keeps me motivated and excited for the new things to come, I am sure my idea of success may change as I get older but the goal of being success will remain the same. Furthermore, the third theme in my personal narrative is bei ng open minded. I feel like for me personal this is a very important value because I like to believe that anything is possible. The reason for this, is because what has

Descartes Dream Argument Summary free essay sample

Checkering Descartes spends the beginning of Meditations on First Philosophy by discussing his skepticism of the senses. Though the entire dream sequence in Meditations was not more than a few pages, it is easily one of the most discussed topics of the book. The dream argument can be broken down into three parts. 1st is that while I am asleep and dreaming I often feel sensations and perceptions that I feel when I am awake. ND Is that there are no definitive signs to tell me If I am awake or dreaming, and this brings forward the 3rd point which Is that I could be dreaming right now and not now It. The main objection to the dream argument Is that the only way we can form Images In our dreams Is from seeing things and experiencing things In real life which would feed our minds.Descartes knows that his Image of everything he knows Is built on his sense experiences which make them unreliable so he must tear down everything he knows and start again with the foundations of true knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Descartes Dream Argument Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Descartes realizes that he Is often convinced when he Is dreaming that the things he sees are real objects. An example could be that I KNOW that I am sitting at a computer writing this paper, but hill I am dreaming I can dream the exact same thing and be completely convinced that is it real.After pondering this situation Descartes realizes that though the things we see in dreams are fake, they can be drawn from real objects. Even though we may dream of something completely new, Descartes concluded, we cannot doubt simple universal units and the parts they represent such as time, size, shapes, etc. This helps Descartes to discover that we cannot doubt the studies of simple things (such as geometry) but instead can doubt the studies of more collected ideas such as medicine and astronomy.

Privity of Contract free essay sample

The basic answer to this question is NO, as the following literature supports and explains this fact effectively. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that creates an obligation to do or not to do something. The parties to the contract are under an obligation to perform the terms and conditions as laid down in the contract. Thus a contract can confer rights or impose obligations arising under the contract on the parties to the contract. Third parties cannot be under such an obligation to perform or demand erformance under a contract. This is referred to as Privity of contract. The Doctrine of Privity of Contract under English Law The doctrine of Privity of Contract which means that a contract is a contract between the parties only and no stranger to the contract can sue even if the contract is avowedly made for his benefit. Thus a stranger to the consideration cannot sustain the action on the promise made between two persons unless he has in some way intervened in the agreement. We will write a custom essay sample on Privity of Contract or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the plaintiff was to be married to the daughter of G and in consideration of this ntended marriage G and the plaintiffs father entered into a written agreement by which it was agreed that each would pay the plaintiff a sum of the money. G failed to do so and the plaintiff sued his executors. Thus, although the sole object of the contract was to secure a benefit to the plaintiff, he was not allowed to sue as the contract was made with his father and not with him The two basic principles under the English Law as can be ascertained from the above cases are that firstly consideration should move from the promisee only and secondly hat a contract cannot be enforced by a person who is not a party to the contract even if it is made for his benefit. The Doctrine in India There has been a divergence of opinion in India as to whether the Doctrine of Privity of Contract, which prevails in the English Courts, is applicable to the Indian Courts. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 (here in after referred to as the Act) codifies the methods of entering into a contract, executing a contract; rules to implement provisions of a contract and effects of breach of a contract. The provisions of the Act revail over any usage or custom or trade however the same will be valid as long as it is not inconsistent with provisions of the Act. ny other person has done or abstained from doing, or does or abstains from doing, or promises to do or to abstain from doing, something , such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise It is clear from this section that the consideration for a contract can proceed from any person and not necessarily the parties to the contract. A promise is enforceable if there is some consideration for it and it is quite immaterial whether it moves from he promisee or any other person. However there is no specific provision in the Act which either for or against the Doctrine of Privity of Contact. It is through a series of case laws that the Doctrine has evolved. There are two aspects of this doctrine. Firstly, no one but the parties to the contract are entitled under it. Rights or benefits may be conferred upon a third party but such a third party can neither sue under the contract nor rely on defenses based on the contract. The second aspect is that the parties to a contract cannot impose liabilities on a third party. Conclusion The Act does not specifically provide for the doctrine of Privity of Contract, however through a series of case laws the doctrine is now applicable in India along with various exceptions. With reference to consideration of a contract the position in India and England are however different. Under the English law only a party to the contract can pay the consideration. If he doesnt pay the consideration he becomes a stranger to the contract. Under the Indian Law, it is not necessary that consideration should be paid by the promisee. Though there are no express provisions as to assignment of rights and obligations nder a contract in the Act, the Principle of assignment has been recognized and developed by the courts through its various decisions. A person may not give any consideration, but is a party to the contract may enforce the contract A stranger to a contract cannot sue : Suppose A and B enter into a contract for the benefit of C. The agreement between and A and B cannot be enforced by C. e. g. Two father entered into an agreement to pay a new couple money on their marriage. The couple cannot sue for enforcement of the contract between the fathers.

Information Security Standards for Internal Revenue Service

Information Security Standards for Internal Revenue Service Information Revenue Service (IRS) is an American agency that collects taxes and enforces the tax laws that guide the entire process. Since the agency is handling information deemed confidential, it has employed numerous securities standards in enhancing confidentiality of their data.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Security Standards for Internal Revenue Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The information security standards at IRS have abroad perspective; the security components include physical security program, Privacy, Information Protection and Data Security (PIPDS), Information Technology (IT) Security, and National and Personal Security Information (Internal Revenue Manual, n.d.). Information privacy at IRS remains a key issue in enhancing taxpayers’ confidence. The purpose of physical security program is to offer protection to the lives of employees and the entire management of IRS. IRS protects its information through data security, physical security, and sensitive procedures of handling documents. These complex procedures ensure that these resources are not accessible to third parties. Third parties ease to data accessibility can cause risk and harm. In enhancing information security, IRS ensures that the security procedures are in line with the federal regulations of disclosure, access, disposition, and use of information. Under this program, there are authorities that ensure the employees and contractors meet the outlined standards fully. For instance, The Privacy Act of 1974 prohibits information disclosure from public records without a written acceptance from the concerned person. The Act follows a specified rule regarding allowing an individual to access any information. The rule clarifies on the timing fee and location under which the body can authenticate one to view the data (Internal Revenue Manual, n.d.). Although one has a right to get access to any of the agency’s records, an exemption prohibits information access by the public. If on request for information availability on a format that is already available, the agency is free to supply such information on a format that is reproducible. Additionally, IRS conducts annual security briefings to its employees in order to familiarize them with their security responsibilities. The agency only grants access to sensitive information on a need-to-know basis, and the employees remain responsible for providing security to all information to enhance trust among the public. The agency has a Physical Security Handbook that outlines guidelines on minimum information security standards that allow flexibility for developing higher standards for meeting different requirements. The management at IRS implements these policies on physical security.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Information Technology (IT) Security, IRS’s systems and applications are secured (Internal Revenue Manual, n.d.). The IT Security creates, updates, and maintains information. This system enhances the security of information that the taxpayers have given to IRS thus averting issues of unauthorized information access. Clearly, information security starts with improving physical security of the organization. On Privacy, Information Protection, and Data Security (PIPDS), IRS uses modern technological applications to protect the taxpayers’ personal identifiable information. The agency uses these data according to the applicable laws and Presidential Directives (Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 2013). This step enhances confidence among the American taxpayers. Notably, PIPDS Programs and Policies carry out implementation of varied programs that boost information security standards. For instance, the Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) carries out th e overall assessment of both the internal and external threats that can compromise information confidentiality. This program follows the guidelines in the E-Government Act of 2002. Further, Information Protection program protects taxpayers from identity theft. The policies and procedures avoid access of data by hackers. Incident Management Program (IMP) is a program that takes necessary steps and responses in case of data losses especially personally identifiable data. IMP also responds to data disclosure, breach, and theft. IRS prevents third parties from accessing taxpayers’ private information. IRS launched IMP after the President’s Identity Theft Task Force recommendations of data loss notification. Notably, it is a requirement for employees to report any disclosure, theft, and loss of information within an hour. This reporting time limit is meant to minimize the possibility of compromising personal information thus can be used in committing fraudulent activities. However, an employee has to confirm the identity of the caller before reporting the incident within the stipulated one hour. This step helps in confirming if the caller is a taxpayer or not (US Tax Center, n.d.). The PIPDS office monitors and regulates Live Data Testing Reviews. The regulations restrict live data testing without prior written approval; this responsibility lies with the PIPDS office. Taxpayers who perform online transactions through computers are protected from fraudulent cases by the Online Fraud Detection Prevention. The launched phishing program conducts a global monitoring of those who access their websites; in case of malicious occurrences, the program reports to the central system for immediate intervention.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Security Standards for Internal Revenue Service specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Markedly, IRS has ensured safety of their data by usin g these programs. In addition, IRS assigns pseudonyms to all their employees. Pseudonyms are false identity names; they ensure safety of employees. In online transactions, such names make it difficult for trackers to identify the personal information of the employees. IRS policies require that an employee must give adequate justifications to why he/she wants to use the pseudonym. Employees have to register these pseudonyms with the managers; this is for accountability purposes. IRS also runs the Unauthorized Access (UNAX) program. UNAX program offers employees’ awareness on consequences of compromising data like losing the public’s confidence (Internal Revenue Manual, n.d.). There is also strict legislation on breaching of Personally Identifiable Information (PII). Personal safety also comprises of harassment, taxpayer contacting an employee with no legitimate communication, and taxpayer’s aggression towards IRS employees. The well-guided procedure on the use of pseudonyms shows the extent at which IRS puts into concern its information security standards. On its key principles, IRS works towards protecting individuals’ rights to privacy. IRS can distribute these data only when they are authorized by federal legislation. The employees can be allowed to access these taxpayers’ data. In case of information leakage to wrong or unauthorized persons during this process, these groups of people become liable. The law requires them not to leak any taxpayer’s information in any format, either electronic formats or hardcopy documents, to any person. The agency goes ahead to conduct in-house trainings to these groups of people in order to remind them of their daily expectations. Moreover, the senior management is always in the forefront in ensuring that the employees adhere to the privacy policy and data security procedures. In case of non-compliance, the senior management applies penalties in line with the IRS policy and guidelin es. The IRS Privacy Principles include the following: It is a public trust to protect employees and taxpayers’ privacies, information are only collected upon request from the tax management, these information are used for a specific purpose, and reliable information are to be obtained from individuals who relate to them (Internal Revenue Service Topics Page, n.d.). In their services and roles, IRS stipulates that its employees, visitors and contractors must adhere to the federal privacy guidelines. IRS system owners are expected to be formulating and promoting effective and efficient information protection, employee and taxpayer policy, and information security programs.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The different divisions in IRS enhance service delivery as specialization does increases work output. The information security standard is enhanced through IRS partnership with Government Liaison and Disclosure. The partnership ensures that the privacy policy applied in the agency is in accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974. It also facilitates the development and distribution of periodical reviews that update the changes on information protection policy. The Information Security Standards for IRS uphold privacy of data. However, monitoring of people as they access information in the internet shows that privacy is at the same time not fully upheld. The idea of tracking for collecting statistical data is revoking the same provisions of information security as it results to tracking (IRS Has Improved Controls but Needs to Resolve Weaknesses, 2013). From this point of view, information in the World Wide Web seems to expose a persons privacy such as location and computer information l ike internet protocol address. Although IRS has made tremendous steps towards achieving total information protection, it still requires effective implementation of the information security program. Some of the components of security, which have not met their targets or operated effectively, include the IRS procedure of testing on the financial system. Data privacy is essential in element in any organization. IRS should ensure that all their security programs are effective thus working towards meeting their objectives. In the end, the improved services will raise taxpayers’ confidence, trust, and loyalty. References IRS Has Improved Controls but Needs to Resolve Weaknesses. (2013, March 15).U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). Web. Internal Revenue Manual. (n.d.).  Internal Revenue Service. Web. Internal Revenue Service (IRS). (2013, March 7).  USA.gov: The U.S. Governments Official Web Portal. Web. Internal Revenue Service Topics Page. (n.d.).  USA TODAY: L atest World and US News USATODAY.com. Web. US Tax Center. (n.d.).  US Tax Center | File Your Tax Return Online, Tax Extension, Tax Forms, Tax Help. Web.

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum Coursework

Leadership in Health Care Organizations Practicum - Coursework Example As a charge nurse at Medical Telementary Unit, Bayshore Medical Center, I have power over the other nurses at the unit as their leader. I am responsible for providing guidance on administering care to new patients and patients who have special needs. I am also supposed to address any questions that both patients and nurses may have regarding care or any other issue of importance at the workplace. In terms of the roles that nurses play at the hospital, I have a responsibility of guiding them, giving them moral support and motivating them to do their job professionally. I am supposed to document the performance of the nurses, counsel them when their performances are unsatisfactory and perform evaluations on their jobs. I am supposed to provide leadership in every case when in the hospital and help where I can in home problems that affect their work output when they are in hospital. I have to serve the nurses by addressing the problems and fears that they may have so that they can serve patients well (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). Based on Servant Leadership: The Seven Distinctive Characteristics of a Servant Leader by Darryl DelHousate & Bobby Brewer, my responses compare to the view power in the sense that a leader must first be a servant to the people that he leads. Therefore, my responses fit in to this in the sense that as a charge nurse, I am a servant leader to the nurses and the patients who are under my wing. The nurses do not serve me; rather I serve them as their leader. The nurses serve the society by acting as healthcare leaders when promoting healthy living and helping treat diseases or offer intervention measures. In this respect, I have to show humbleness and love when leading. I also have to trust and empower my nurses to fulfill their responsibilities (DelHousaye & Brewer, 2004). My reasons compare and contrast the secular view on power. My view agrees with the secular view on power that I should guide my followers

Tax Treaty Comparison Between the United States and India Essay

Tax Treaty Comparison Between the United States and India - Essay Example Due to phenomenal growth in international growth in international trade and commerce and increasing interactivity among the nations, residents of one country extend their sphere of business operations to other countries where income is earned. It is in the interest of all the countries to ensure that undue tax burden is not cast on persons earning income by taxing them twice, once in the country of residence and again in the country where the income is earned. Double taxation can be defined as the levy of taxes on income / capital in the hands of the same tax payer in more than one country in respect of the same income or capital for the same period. The problem gets complicated since taxation schemes of different countries contain divergent notions regarding definition of income as source. The position becomes anomalous in a situation where an assessee residing in one country earns income in another country, and the tax rates in both the countries are higher than 50%. If taxed at both places on the same income the assessee will be left with a negative income. This is bound to affect the economic growth. To avoid such a hardship to individuals and also with a view to seeing that national economic growth does not suffer, Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (D.T.A.A.) are entered into with other countries. Such tax treaties, therefore, serve the purpose of providing full protection to tax payers against double taxation and thus prevent the discouragement which double taxation may provide in the free flow of international trade and international investment. Besides, such treaties generally contain provisions for mutual exchange of information and for reducing litigation. Coming to specific provisions contained in the Indian Income-tax Act, such tax treaties are made under the provisions contained in Section 90 of the Income-tax Act which enables the Central Government to enter into treaties to avoid double taxation. Govt. of India has entered into DTA agreement with several countries, some of the main countries are Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, UAE, UAR, UK, USA, USSR etc. Government of United States of America and Government of Republic of India entered into an agreement on Double Tax Avoidance Agreement, which was signed in New Delhi on 12 September 1989. The Convention would be the first tax treaty between the United States and India. In general, it follows the pattern of the United States model tax convention but differs in a number of respects to reflect India's status as a developing country. According to Article 1 of the Convention, it shall apply to persons who are residents of United States of America or India. However in Article 4 (Residence), it is clarified that the person is said to be the resident of the particular Contracting State, if that person in under law of that Contracting State and thereby liable to tax by reason of his domicile or similar other criteria, subject to certain limitations as described in Article 4. Under the Convention the income of the permanent establishment is taxable, and both the profit and loss of the other two businesses are ignored. Under the Code, all three would be taxable. The loss would be offset against the profits of the two profitable ventures. The taxpayer may not invoke the

Interactions between Pr(III) Sm(III) Cations

Interactions between Pr(III) Sm(III) Cations pH-metric study of substituted3,5-diaryl isoxazolines complexes in 70% Dioxane solvent media . S.A.Thorat1,S.D.Thakur2 ABSTRACT:- The complex formation between Pr(III)Sm(III) metal ions and 3-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methylphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethenyl)isoxazoline[HNMP2EI]L1,3-(2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-nitro-5-methyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazoline[HBNM4MI]L2,3-(2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-nitro-5-methyl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)isoxazoline[HBNM3NI]L3have been studied at 0.1M Ionic Strength (26 ±0.1)oC in 70% Dioxane water mixture by Bjerrum method as adopted by Calvin Wilson .It is observed that Pr(III)Sm(III) metal ions form 1:1 1:2 complexes with ligand L1,L2L3.The data obtained were used to estimate compare the values of proton ligand stability constant (pK) metal ligand stability constant (log K).From estimated data (pK log K),the effect of substituents were studied. Key Words:-Substituted 3,5-diarylisoxazoline,Dioxane-water mixture,stability constant. 1.INTRODUCTION:- The studies in metal ligand complexes in solution of a number of metal ion with carboxylic acids, oximes, phenol etc. Would be interesting which throw light on the mode of storage and transport of metal ions in biological Kingdom.Metal with the view to understand the bioinorganic chemistry of metal ions, Banergee et al[1] have synthesized a no. of mixed ligand alkaline earth metal complexes. Bjerrums [2] dissertation has taken the initiative to develop field. Metal complexation not only brings the reacting molecules together to give activated complex [3] but also polarized electrons from the ligand towards the metal. The relation between stability and basicity of ligands is indicated by the formation constant and free energy change value Bulkier group increases the basicity of ligands as well as stability. The stability of complexes is determined by the nature of central metal atom and ligands. Poddar et al [4] investigated stability constants of some substituted pyrazolines,isoxalin e and diketone Karalmai et al [5] have studied formation constants and thermodynamic parameters of bivalent metal ion complexes with3-amino-5-ethyl isoxazole Schiff bases and N,N;N,O and O,O donar ligands in solution.Recently Tihile [6] studies on interaction between cu (II), Cr(II), Nd(II) and Pr(II) metal ions and substituted hydroxyl chalcones at 0.1 M ionic  strength pH metrically. Thakur et al [7,8] have studies the influence of dielectric constants of medium on the complex equilibrium of substituted hydroxyl-1,3- propandiones with Cr(II) metal ions and studies on interaction between Cu(II), Cr(II) and Ni(II) metal ions at 0.1M ionic strength pH metrically. Isoxazolines posses medicinal activities such as anti-inflammatory[9],antibacterial,anticonvulsant[10],antibiotic[11],antituberculer[12], antifungal[13]and anxiolytic activity[14]. In present work an attempt has been made to study the interactions between Pr(III)Sm(III) Cations At 0.1 M Ionic Strength with Ligand at 0.1 ionic strength,pH metrically in 70% Dioxane-water mixture. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ligands L1,L2,L3 was synthesized in the laboratory by known literature method. The purity of these compounds exceeds 99.5% and structures were confirmed by NMR, IR and melting points. The stock solutions of the ligand was prepared by dissolving required amount of ligand in a minimum volume of dioxane subsequently diluted to final volume. Metal ion solution was prepared by dissolving metal nitrate (Sigma Aldrich) and standardized by EDTA titration method as discussed in literature . Carbonate free sodium hydroxide solution was prepared by dissolving the Analar pellets in deionised water and solution was standardized 22. The stock solution of percholric acid was prepared and used after standardization 23. 2.1. Measurements All measurements were carried out at (26 ±0.1) 0C. Systronic microprocessor based pH meter with magnetic stirrer and combined glass and calomel electrode assembly used for pH measurements. The sensitivity of pH meter is 0.01 units. The instrument could read pH in the range 0.00 to 14.00 in the steps of 0.005. The pH meter was switched on half an hour before starting the titration for initial warm up of the instrument. It was calibrated before each titration with an aqueous standard buffer solution of pH 7.00 and 9.20 at (26 ±0.1) 0C prepared from a Qualigens buffer tablets. The hydrogen ion concentration was measured with combined glass electrode. 2.2. Procedure The experimental procedure involved the titrations of i. Free acid HClO4 (0.01 mol.dm-3) ii. Free acid HClO4 (0.01 mol.dm-3) and ligand (20 x 10-4 mol.dm-3) iii. Free acid HClO4 (0.01 mole dm-3) and ligand (20 x 10-4 mol.dm-3) and metal ion (4 x 10-4mol.dm-3) against standard carbonate free sodium hydroxide (0.15 mol.dm-3) solution using Calvin-Bjerrum and Calvin-Wilson pH titration techniques. The ionic strength of all the solutions were maintained constant by adding appropriate amount of NaClO4 solution. All titrations were carried out in 70 percentages of Dioxane-water mixtures and reading were recorded for each 0.1 ml addition. The curves of pH against volume of NaOH solution were plotted (fig 1-3). The Proton-Ligand constants were calculated from pH values obtained from the titration curves using the Irvin-Rossotti method and MATLAB computer program (Table 1) . 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The extent of deviation may be the dissociation of -OH group. 3-(2-hydroxy-3-nitro-5-methylphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethenyl)isoxazoline[HNMP2EI]L1,3-(2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-nitro-5-methyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazoline[HBNM4MI]L2,3-(2-hydroxy-3-bromo-4-nitro-5-methyl)-5-(3-nitrophenyl)isoxazoline[HBNM3NI]L3 may be considered as a monobasic acid having one replaceable H+ ion from phenolic -OH group and can be represented as HL H+ + L The titration data were used to construct the curves [acid curve (A), acid + ligand curve (A+L) and acid + ligand + metal ion curve (A+L+M)] between volume of NaOH against pH.The proton-ligand formation number nA were calculated by Irving and Rossotti expression (Table1) Where ÃŽ ³ denotes the number of dissociable protons, N is the concentration of sodium hydroxide(0.15 mol.dm-3), (V2-V1) is the measure of displacement of the ligand curve relative to acid curve, where V2 and V1 are the volume of alkali added to reach the same pH reading to get accurate values of (V2-V1): the titration curves were drawn on an enlarged scale: E0 and TL0are the resultant concentration of perchloric acid and concentration of Ligand, respectively. V0 is the initial volume of reaction mixture (50 cm3). Proton-Ligand stability constant pk values of Ligand were calculated by algebraic method point wise calculation and also, estimated from formation curves nA Vs pH (Half integral method) by noting pH at which nA = 0.5[Bjerrum 1957] (Table 2). Metal-Ligand stability constants (log k) were determined by the half integral method by plotting à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Vs pL. The experimental à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ values determined using expression Where N, E0, Vo and V2have same significance as in equation (1), V3 is the volume of NaOH added in the metal ion titration to attain the given pH reading and TM0 (4 x 10-4 mol dm-3) is the concentration of metal ion in reaction mixture. The stability constants for various binary complexes have been calculated ( Table 3). 3.1. Metal Ligand Stability Constant (Log K) It is observed that (Table3 a-c ) sufficiently large difference between log K1 logK2Values of Sm(III)for ligand L1 L2Pr(III) for ligand L3 indicates the stepwise formation of complex between metal ion and ligand except Pr(III)for ligand –L1;L2 Sm(III)for ligand L3. It showed that less difference between log K1 log K2 values indicates complexes are occurring simultaneously. The higher value of ratio(Log K1/ Log K2) forPr(III)- Ligand- L1 L3 Sm(III)-ligand-L2 complex indicates the more stable stepwise complex formation as compare to Sm(III) –Ligand-L1 L3 Pr(III)-Ligand L2 complexes. 3.2. Proton-Ligand stability constant (pK):- It is observed from titration curve in (fig.1,2,3)shows that the ligand curves starts deviating from free acid (HClO4) curves at pH > 2.12,2.0,2.14 respectively. The extent of deviation s may be the dissociation of –OH group completely. 4. CONCLUSION From the titration curve, it is observed that the departure between (Acid + Ligand) curve (Acid+Ligand +Metal) Curve for all system of L1,L2,L3 started from pH=2.12 to 3.38, this indicate the commencement of complex formation. Also change in color from yellow to brown in pH range from 3.35 to 10.07 during the titration showed the complex formation between Metal Ligand. Table no.1 :Proton Ligand Formation number (à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A) at (26 ±0.1)0C and at ionic strength  µ=0.1 moldm-3 NaClO4 in 70%Dioxane-Water mixture. a) System : HBMP2EI(L1) PH V1 V2 V2 – V1 à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A 4.42 4.70 5.07 5.14 5.21 5.42 5.63 6.00 6.14 6.21 6.28 6.35 6.37 6.42 6.49 6.70 6.84 7.00 7.35 7.42 7.56 7.70 8.00 8.35 8.42 8.56 8.70 9.00 9.35 9.70 3.2518 3.2519 3.2743 3.2743 3.2743 3.3000 3.3330 3.3330 3.3330 3.3413 3.3413 3.3572 3.3589 3.3660 3.3661 3.3662 3.4496 3.4582 3.4662 3.4662 3.4867 3.4867 3.5000 3.5000 3.5330 3.5332 3.5660 3.6330 3.6660 3.7661 3.4117 3.4501 3.5030 3.5039 3.5060 3.5327 3.5659 3.5660 3.5660 3.6083 3.6293 3.6568 3.6589 3.6807 3.6889 3.6977 3.7824 3.7912 3.8159 3.8159 3.8464 3.8509 3.8670 3.8670 3.9112 3.9119 3.9502 4.0330 4.1227 4.2487 0.1599 0.1982 0.2287 0.2296 0.2317 0.2327 0.2329 0.2330 0.2330 0.2670 0.2880 0.2996 0.3000 0.3147 0.3228 0.3315 0.3328 0.3330 0.3497 0.3497 0.3597 0.3642 0.3670 0.3670 0.3782 0.3787 0.3842 0.4000 0.4567 0.4826 0.7597 0.7023 0.6566 0.6552 0.6520 0.6507 0.6504 0.6503 0.6503 0.5996 0.5681 0.5506 0.5502 0.5282 0.5608 0.5030 0.5018 0.5016 0.4767 0.4767 0.4619 0.4552 0.4512 0.4512 0.4349 0.4342 0.4260 0.4037 0.3192 0.2805 b) System : HBNM4MI(L2) PH V1 V2 V2 – V1 à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A 3.35 3.37 3.56 3.70 4.00 4.35 4.37 4.42 4.49 5.07 5.14 5.21 5.42 5.63 6.00 6.14 6.21 6.28 6.35 6.37 6.42 6.49 6.63 6.84 7.00 7.35 7.42 7.56 7.70 8.00 8.35 8.42 8.56 8.70 9.00 9.35 9.49 9.63 9.70 9.84 9.98 10.00 3.2021 3.2024 3.2038 3.2042 3.2083 3.2475 3.2482 3.2518 3.2519 3.2743 3.2743 3.2743 3.3000 3.3330 3.3330 3.3330 3.3413 3.3413 3.3572 3.3589 3.3660 3.3661 3.3662 3.4496 3.4582 3.4662 3.4662 3.4867 3.4867 3.5000 3.5000 3.5330 3.5332 3.5660 3.6330 3.6660 3.6661 3.6662 3.6663 3.7003 3.7660 3.8000 3.2834 3.2962 3.3205 3.3215 3.3267 3.3671 3.3758 3.3848 3.3849 3.4332 3.4333 3.4333 3.4659 3.4995 3.4996 3.4997 3.5083 3.5086 3.5250 3.5295 3.5370 3.5371 3.5374 3.6213 3.6299 3.6474 3.6534 3.6742 3.6824 3.6974 3.6987 3.7328 3.7588 3.7927 3.8826 3.9660 3.9999 4.0240 4.0333 4.0830 4.1660 4.2330 0.0813 0.0938 0.1167 0.1173 0.1184 0.1196 0.1276 0.1330 0.1330 0.1589 0.1590 0.1590 0.1659 0.1665 0.1666 0.1667 0.1670 0.1673 0.1678 0.17060 0.1710 0.1710 0.1712 0.1717 0.1717 0.1812 0.1872 0.1875 0.1957 0.1974 0.1987 0.1998 0.2256 0.2267 0.2496 0.3000 0.3338 0.3578 0.3670 0.3827 0.4000 0.4330 0.8777 0.8559 0.8245 0.8231 0.8219 0.8203 0.8083 0.8002 0.8002 0.7614 0.7613 0.7613 0.7509 0.7503 0.7501 0.7499 0.7495 0.7490 0.7484 0.7442 0.7436 0.7435 0.7434 0.7430 0.7430 0.7288 0.7199 0.7196 0.7045 0.7043 0.7028 0.7014 0.6629 0.6614 0.6277 0.5527 0.5023 0.4666 0.4470 0.4451 0.4170 0.3723 c) System : HBNM3NI(L3) PH V1 V2 V2 – V1 à ¡Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¦A 3.35 3.37 3.56 3.70 4.00 4.35 4.37 4.42 4.49 5.07 5.14 5.21 5.42 5.63 6.00 6.14 6.21 6.28 6.35 6.37 6.42 6.49 6.70 6.84 7.00 7.35 7.42 7.56 7.70 8.00 8.35 8.42 8.56 8.70 9.00 9.35 9.70 9.84 10.00 10.35 10.70 3.2021 3.2024 3.2038 3.2042 3.2083 3.2475 3.2482 3.2518 3.2519 3.2743 3.2743 3.2743 3.3000 3.3330 3.3330 3.3330 3.3413 3.3413 3.3572 3.3589 3.3660 3.3661 3.3662 3.4496 3.4582 3.4662 3.4662 3.4867 3.4867 3.5000 3.5000 3.5330 3.5332 3.5660 3.6330 3.6660 3.7661 3.7907 3.8000 3.9000 4.0330 3.2608 3.2638 3.2708 3.3042 3.3250 3.3755 3.3780 3.3818 3.3819 3.4321 3.4332 3.4333 3.4641 3.4982 3.4982 3.4991 3.5077 3.5082 3.5242 3.5259 3.5330 3.5332 3.5333 3.6333 3.6569 3.6665 3.6828 3.7033 3.7034 3.7503 3.7506 3.7922 3.7930 3.8328 3.8998 3.9329 4.0661 4.1248 4.1660 4.2988 4.5316 0.0587 0.0614 0.0670 0.1000 0.1167 0.1280 0.1298 0.1300 0.1300 0.1578 0.1589 0.1590 0.1641 0.1652 0.1652 0.1661 0.1664 0.1669 0.1670 0.1670 0.1670 0.1671 0.1671 0.1837 0.1987 0.2003 0.2166 0.2166 0.2167 0.2503 0.2506 0.2592 0.2598 0.2668 0.2668 0.2669 0.3000 0.3340 0.3660 0.3988 0.4986 0.9117 0.9078 0.8994 0.8499 0.8248 0.8061 0.8048 0.8047 0.8047 0.7630 0.7614 0.7612 0.7537 0.7522 0.7522 0.7520 0.7517 0.7507 0.7496 0.7496 0.7496 0.7493 0.7493 0.7243 0.7010 0.7003 0.6755 0.6757 0.6759 0.6256 0.6253 0.6126 0.6117 0.6039 0.6039 0.6037 0.5534 0.5024 0.4557 0.4081 0.2617 Table 2: Proton Ligand Stability Constant pK System pK Half integral method Pointwise calculation method HNMP2EI (L1) HBNM4MI(L2) HBNM3NI(L3) 7.0027 9.4939 9.8442 7.3487 9.2643 9.2987 Table 3: Metal Ligand Stability Constant(Log K) a) HNMP2EI (L1) System Log K1 Log K2 Log K1-LogK2 LogK1/LogK2 Pr(III) Sm(III) 6.5807 6.7926 3.8465 3.9788 2.7342 2.8138 1.7108 1.7071 b) HBNM4MI(L2) System Log K1 Log K2 LogK1-LogK2 LogK1/LogK2 Pr(III) Sm(III) 9.4786 9.5747 7.7377 6.6563 1.7409 2.9184 1.2249 1.4384 c) HBNM3NI(L3) System Log K1 Log K2 Log K1 LogK2 LogK1/LogK2 Pr(III) Sm(III) 9.9990 9.7658 7.4911 7.4891 2.5079 2.2767 1.3347 1.3040

Development of Tools Throughout Time Essay -- essays papers

Development of Tools Throughout Time Our world today has many different kinds of tools. I realized this when I was walking through The Home Depot a few weeks ago. On one isle are nails, and screws, the next isle there are power drills to go along with power saws and power sanders. Now imagine the world with no tools, no nails or screws. It would be pretty difficult to do most anything. We would have no houses to live in, no cars to travel to work in, and we would have no place of employment in which to work. Without tools our world would be nothing. This is the world our ancestors faced, and they had nothing but rocks and sticks. Homo Habilis had the challenge of being the first hominid with a larger brain, which allowed him to have the ability to do more things. With early hominids lacking size and strength to kill large animals they used certain objects to kill and devour these animals. This ultimately led to the development of tools. By 2.5 million years ago, a new human evolutionary trend had begun. The change to a upright bipedal posture, and existing flexibility at the shoulder, arms, and hands allowed hominids to carry and manipulate objects much more readily. Early hominids began to manipulate the physical world, inventing solutions to the problems of human existence. Instead of foraging, as do most primates, on a more or less individualistic basis for food sources, early hominids invented stone tools with which they could slay larger animals. This began a switch from scavenging to hunting as the main means by which meat was acquired. The earliest known tools yet discovered were found by Louis and Mary Leakey at Olduvai Gorge dating back to about two million years ago. They originally thought that these tools were made by the Australopithecus, but later determined that they were made by the Homo Habilis . The first tools found were classified as lower paleolithic tools. These tools belong to the Oldowan tool tradition. These tools which were opportunist in nature were characterized by an all-purpose generalized chopping tool. These were produced by removing a few flakes from a stone either by using another stone as a hammer or by striking a pebble against a large rock. Manufacturing tools this way is called the percussion method. Many of these tools were made out of quartz or lava; which were not the most common st... ...hominids we would have no understanding of any prehistoric life. Their technological advances helped us to create more efficient tools which allow us to research these ancient cultures. As one can see, we are presently expanding our modern tool kits every decade; so who is to say what technological advances will be made in the next several millennia's. Tools have evolved to influence, if not determine, human history. Bibliography Burenholt, Dr. Govan. The First Humans - Human Origins and History to 10,000 B.C. New York; Harper Collins Publishes. 1993 Haviland, William A. Anthropology - Ninth Edition Orlando ,Florida; Harcourt College Publishers. 2000 Johanson, Donald and Lenora. Ancestors New York; Villard Books. 1994 Leaky, Richard. Origin of Humankind New York; Harper Collins Publishers. 1994 Rowlett, Ralph M., Michael G. Davis, and Robert B. Grabe. Friendly Fire http://anthropology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveringarchaeology.com%2F0599toc%2F5feature3-fire.shtml Time-Life Books. The Human Dawn New Jersey; Time-Life Books. 1990 Wallbank, T. Walter. Civilization Past and Present New York; Harper Collins Publishers. 1992

Starbucks Analysis Based on Ansoff’s Matrix

Growth Analysis on Starbucks Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration| Product Development| Market Development| Diversification| Starbucks have achieved market penetration by promoting its products in many ways. Their promotion allows Starbucks product to be known all around the US. They are constantly improving their products and making new coffee flavors to give the consumers different choices at he moment of ordering. Their USP, which is quality, makes the costumer’s loyalty to the brand to increase therefore Starbucks has a constant demand from the costumers.Starbucks has developed new products for the existing coffee houses to attract a new market. Some new products that Starbucks has established are: breakfast and pastry products. With these products consumers have a different option when going to the coffee house, as well, as new consumers that are searching for breakfasts. Starbucks has established coffee houses all over the world. They are constantly trying to enter new count ries to offer their worldwide known products. An example of this can be the recent opening of the first Starbuck in Ecuador.This is a way to analyze Ecuador’s market and make further decisions for implementing more coffee houses in Ecuador. Starbucks has developed diversification by implementing their new products in the new market. These products are usually based on the country’s culture and demand, which are different form Starbuck’s original products. We think that Starbuck is going to growth because based on an article in which it stated that Starbucks’s profit was better than predicted.This is a clue to infer that Starbuck’s is gaining its lost consumers and loyalty to the brand. By being constantly trying to enter new countries and offering their products, is also a way that Starbucks is trying to expand its market. All these factors and much more are essential for the growth of Starbucks in the US as in other counties. Bibliography: http:// www. reuters. com/article/2010/07/20/us-starbucks-idUSTRE66J5DT20100720

Prejudice And Prejudice By Maya Angelou - 1824 Words

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